A flange gasket is a type of gasket made to fit between two sections of pipe that are flared to provide higher surface area.
Flange gaskets come in a variety of sizes and are categorized by their inside diameter and their outside diameter.
There are many standards in gasket for flanges of pipes. The gaskets for flanges can be divided in major 4 different categories:
Sheet gaskets
Corrugated metal gaskets
Ring gaskets
spiral wound gaskets
Sheet gaskets are simple, they are cut to size either with bolt holes or without holes for standard sizes with various thickness and material suitable to media and temperature pressure of pipeline.
Ring gaskets also known as RTJ. They are mostly used in offshore oil- and gas pipelines and are designed to work under extremely high pressure. They are solid rings of metal in different cross sections like oval, round, octagonal etc. Sometimes they come with hole in center for pressure .
Spiral wound gaskets are also used in high pressure pipelines and are made with stainless steel outer and inner rings and a center filled with spirally wound stainless steel tape wound together with graphite and PTFE, formed in V shape. Internal pressure acts upon the faces of the V, forcing the gasket to seal against the flange faces.
